6 Kinds of Simple Machines

Work is performed by applying a force over a distance. These six simple machines create a greater output force than the input force; the ratio of these forces is the mechanical advantage of the machine. All six of the simple machines listed here have been used for thousands of years, and the physics behind several of them were quantified by the Greek philosopher Archimedes (ca. 287–212Â  BCE). When combined, these machines can be used together to create an even greater mechanical advantage, as in the case of a bicycle. Lever A lever is a simple machine that consists of a rigid object (often a bar of some kind) and a fulcrum (or pivot). Applying a force to one end of the rigid object causes it to pivot about the fulcrum, causing a magnification of the force at another point along the rigid object. There are three classes of levers, depending on where the input force, output force, and fulcrum are in relation to each other. The earliest lever was in use as a balance scale by 5000 BCE; Archimedes is credited with saying Give me a place to stand and I will move the earth. Baseball bats, seesaws, wheelbarrows, and crowbars are all types of levers. Wheel Axle A wheel is a circular device that is attached to a rigid bar in its center. A force applied to the wheel causes the axle to rotate, which can be used to magnify the force (by, for example, having a rope wind around the axle). Alternately, a force applied to provide rotation on the axle translates into rotation of the wheel. It can be viewed as a type of lever that rotates around a center fulcrum. The earliest wheel and axle combination known was a toy model of a four-wheeled cart made in Mesopotamia about 3500 BCE. Ferris wheels, tires, and rolling pins are examples of wheels and axles. Inclined Plane An inclined plane is a plane surface set at an angle to another surface. This results in doing the same amount of work by applying the force over a longer distance. The most basic inclined plane is a ramp; it requires less force to move up a ramp to a higher elevation than to climb to that height vertically. No one invented the inclined plane since it occurs naturally in nature, but people used ramps to build large buildings (monumental architecture) as early as 10,000–8,500Â  BCE. Archimedess On Plane Equilibrium describes the centers of gravity for various geometrical plane figures. Wedge The wedge is often considered a double inclined plane—both sides are inclined—that moves to exert a force along the lengths of the sides. The force is perpendicular to the inclined surfaces, so it pushes two objects (or portions of a single object) apart. Axes, knives, and chisels are all wedges. The common door wedge uses the force on the surfaces to provide friction, rather than separate things, but its still fundamentally a wedge. The wedge is the oldest simple machine, made by our ancestors Homo erectus at least as long ago as 1.2 million years to make stone tools. Screw A screw is a shaft that has an inclined groove along its surface. By rotating the screw (applying a torque), the force is applied perpendicular to the groove, thus translating a rotational force into a linear one. It is frequently used to fasten objects together (as the hardware screw and bolt does). The Babylonians in Mesopotamia developed the screw in the 7th century BCE, to elevate water from a low-lying body to a higher one (irrigate a garden from a river). This machine would later to be known as Archimedes screw. Pulley A pulley is a wheel with a groove along its edge, where a rope or cable can be placed. It uses the principle of applying force over a longer distance, and also the tension in the rope or cable, to reduce the magnitude of the necessary force. Complex systems of pulleys can be used to greatly reduce the force that must be applied initially to move an object. Simple pulleys were used by the Babylonians in the 7th century BCE; the first complex one (with several wheels) was invented by the Greeks about 400 BCE. Archimedes perfected the existing technology, making the first fully-realized block and tackle. Whats a Machine? The first use of the word machine (machina) in Greek was by the ancient Greek poet Homer in the 8th century BCE, who used it to refer to political manipulation. The Greek playwright Aeschylus (523–426 BCE) is credited with using the word in reference to theatrical machines such as the deus ex machina or god from a machine. This machine was a crane that brought actors playing gods onto the stage. Sources and Further Reading Bautista Paz, Emilio, et al. A Brief Illustrated History of Machines and Mechanisms. Dordrecht, Germany: Springer, 2010. Print.Ceccarelli, Marco. Contributions of Archimedes on Mechanics and Design of Mechanisms. Mechanism and Machine Theory 72 (2014): 86–93. Print.Chondros, Thomas G. Archimedes Life Works and Machines. Mechanism and Machine Theory 45.11 (2010): 1766–75. Print.PIsano, Raffaele, and Danilo Capecchi. On Archimedean Roots in Torricellis Mechanics. The Genius of Archimedes: 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science, and Engineering. Eds. Paipetis, Stephans A. and Marco Ceccarelli. Proceedings of an International Conference Held at Syracuse, Italy, June 8–10, 2010. Dordrecht, Germany: Springer, 2010. 17–28. Print.Waters, Shaun, and George A. Aggidis. Over 2000 Years in Review: Revival of the Archimedes Screw from Pump to Turbine. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 51 (2015): 497–505. Print.

Essay about Nelson Mandela Worked to End Apartheid in...

I have always thought that Nelson Mandela has been one of the most important people in history. I find it very fascinating that one man could end the Apartheid and that is why I want to find out more about this. South Africa is a country with a past of enforced racism and separation of its multi-racial community. The White Europeans invaded South Africa and started a political system known as Apartheid (meaning apartness). This system severely restricted the rights and lifestyle of the non-White inhabitants of the country forcing them to live separately from the White Europeans. I have chosen to investigate how the Apartheid affected people’s lives, and also how and why the Apartheid system rose and fell in South Africa. Racial†¦show more content†¦(History, 2013) The population of South Africa were segregated into categouries of Coloured, Black, White and Indian. Black South African lives were affected in many different ways and it still is today. Apartheid meant great hardship, it meant that Black people were unable to live a reasonable life. All natural civil rights were taken away from them. Public beaches, drive-in cinema parking spaces, graveyards, parks and public toilets are just a few things that were racially segregated. You can say that the church was on of few places races could mix without breaking the law. (Wikipedia, 2013) Black South Africans were segregated in education and there were even different laws. For example if a Black African committed a crime, this person could expect years in prison. But if it was a White African, the consequence would probably only be getting charged. Black Africans were treated inhumanely and considered to be filth.(NelsonMandelas, 2013) The purpose of their education was to train them to be Black labourers or servants as it was considered all they were good for. In addition, whole communities were transported by the police to new areas far away from their old homes, which were often bulldozed to the ground. One of these communities were Sophiatown, and here is a inhabitant describing what it was that happened: We had to take everything and throw it outside.Show MoreRelatedPositive Impact Of Nelson Mandela1254 Words   |  6 PagesSial Ms. Poll Global Studies Honors December 11, 2017 Nelson Mandela   Ã‚  Ã‚   Nelson Mandela was a great leader of South Africa. Nelson Rolihlahla   Mandela was born in South Africa on July 18, 1918. He was an anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who was the first black and democratically elected President. Before Mandela was elected president, South Africa was a country with a white supremacist government, ruled by apartheid. 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He led the anti-apartheid movement, became the president of the African National Congress Youth League, and later became the president of South Africa winning the Nobel Peace Prize. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1942 started Nelson Mandela’s participation in the racial oppression in South Africa. He joined the African National Congress (ANC), led by Anton Lembede. In 1944, Mandela joined up with WalterRead MoreApartheid in South Africa: The African National Congress and Nelson Mandela1506 Words   |  7 Pages Apartheid was a dark time in the history of South Africa. The African National Congress played a major role in the breaking of Apartheid. Nelson Mandela played a critical role in bringing democracy to South Africa. This paper will show how the African National Congress was involved in the Anti-Apartheid movement and how the African National Congress and Nelson Mandela Changed the country as a whole. To understand how South Africa changed, one must know the history of Apartheid and the effectsRead MoreEssay on The Man Who Changed South Africa: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela955 Words   |  4 Pagesand being a minority race? His name was Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. He is a true inspiration to those who hear his story. Starting out as nothing more than a black man and ending as a person whose name is heard and recognized all over the world is something that just briefly explains Nelson Mandela’s life. As a true anti-apartheid Nelson Mandela did wonders for equality with much power even when imprisoned for nearly three decades (Smolowe 62). Nelson Mandela was a man admired by the world for hisRead MoreNelson Mandela s President Of South Africa1309 Words   |  6 Pagesbe said about nelson Mandela that everybody in the world doesn’t know already. For most of his life He has worked tirelessly to ensure freedom for not just black majority in south africa, but for all rac es. He has endured many things in his quest for peace, including being put on trial and going to jail multiple times. He is well known in his country as a hero who strived for peace. His fight eventually led him to becoming the first democratically elected president of South Africa. His legacy ofRead MoreMohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela746 Words   |  3 PagesTwo of the most famous leaders Mohandas Gandhi in India and Nelson Mandela in African. There are many notable peacemakers who are famous in recent history. Mohandas Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 and Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918. One many have heard about, and the other some might not have heard about. However, they both are well known for many of their good deeds. This essay will show how much the two leaders are different and similar. Mohandas Gandhi was born in Porbandar, India

Determinants Of Indegenous Health for Housing and Employment

Question: Discuss about theDeterminants Of Indegenous Health for Housing and Employment. Answer: Introduction There exists a disparity in health among the Indigenous non-Indigenous Australians which has been under constant highlight by the Australian media. The mass media campaigns previously were majorly focused on the raising awareness among the people while overlooking the negative social determinants of health. However, recent findings show that there are several social determinants that have lead to the generation of health inequality among the Australian aboriginals like of proper hygiene, racism, discrimination and abundance of infectious diseases. Indigenous health outcomes are influenced by a broad range of social determinants including housing, employment, incarceration, racism, education and discrimination, and can be attributed to the impact of colonization (Taylor Guerin, 2014). This report will analyze four significant media articles that are focused on housing and living conditions in remote Indigenous communities of Australia. The report will also try to evaluate how these f actors are proving to be an important social determinant among the indigenous people. The report sheds light over racism, lack of proper sanitation, overcrowding and spreading of contagious disease and prevalence of high smoking rates and their negative effects on the living condition of the indigenous people in Australia and thus generating health inequalities. Media: Article One A new policy statement on racism in the health systemhas been released by the Australian Indigenous Doctors Association (Australia, 2016) https://ajp.com.au/news/racism-impacts-health-care/ Key Issues This news article focuses over the new policy that has been frame by the Australian Indigenous Doctors Association (AIDA) upon the impact of racism in health care system on the Australian aboriginals. As per the statement of the AIDA, racism is still prevalent in the health framework of the Australian subcontinent which is creating a steep inequality in the Australian health care system. However, they have agreed that progress has been undertaken in order to curb the racism impact on health but still their lies certain indifference in the behavior and the attitude of the people. There is a firm existence of systemic racism among the Australian socio-economic domain and this lead to increase in stress level followed by poor mental and physical health outcome. Past history of racism has generated a taboo among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. Continuous encounter of racism has hit hard their self esteemed and now they fear of visiting the health care secto rs even during emergency. The article also clearly states that racism is the principal social determinant in the sector of health. The policy drafted by the AIDA uplifts an urgent need to identification of racism as a strong barrier against culturally safe health care system. They also stated that the must exist a zero tolerance in the grounds of racism across all the health care sectors in Australia. They also proposed the active preaching of culturally safe health care system for providing promising health backup to the Australian aboriginal via eliminating racism and promotion of universal health care access to all the indigenous people in Australia. Links of Models and approaches The article here highlights a broad range of health inequality among the Australian aboriginal that are arising out of racism. In the Australian subcontinent, the root cause behind the extreme health disadvantage and socio-economic imbalance among the Australian aboriginal is racism. However, in the majority of the cases, poor health has been considered as an outcome of the locational disadvantage, lack of proper financial backup and lack of proper health schemes or investment in health care plan and other cultural differences. However, racism in the health care sectors has results in poor mental yet physical health condition, bed-delays, and increases in hypertension, blood pressure and smoking (Larson, Gillies, Howard Coffin, 2007). Improved health care model and initiatives in eliminating the inequalities in healthcare sectors are not enough to curb the affect of racism in health as this will not change the behaviour of the non-aboriginal people towards the aboriginal people. Upr ooting racism from the grass root level is the only away out to overcome this situation. Contribution to current debate This article raises some interesting points over impact of racism on the health of indigenous people in Australia and how the AIDA is responding to overcome this scenario. However, the article does not take a critical stance and provides no concrete evidence regarding how the Australian government is reacting to this racism impact on the aboriginal people. The author could have also elaborated characteristic of racism which is generating health inequalities like discrimination in physical appearance, hair colour, skin colour, build or voice. Author also failed to highlight other impact of racism apart from mental health like according to the Wheel of Discrimination, as described by McConnochie et al., in the year of 1988, institutional racism results in poor level of child birth, neonatal deformity and imbalance in the health of the mother (Hampton Maree, 2013). Personal reflection As per my understanding, this article is a is significant in the grounds of racism and health inequalities in Australia. It gives a detailed insight about the steps or the policies that are needed to be followed in order to overcome this harmful impact of racism in health and in other sectors of life. However, it would have been interesting to learn about how the governmental scenario or the policies have promoted the development of this racist attitude among the Australian descents and government is presently acting to curb this health inequalities arising in term of racist attack. Media article 2 Why the housing shortage exacerbates scabies in Indigenous communities? https://theconversation.com/why-the-housing-shortage-exacerbates-scabies-in-indigenous-communities-71337 Key Issues This article is based on exacerbation of the scabies in the Indigenous population of Australia. Scabies is an infection that occurs due to the infestation of the tine mites or parasites called Sarcoptes scabei var hominis. This disease is prevalent in the remote areas of the northern Australia who were termed as the aboriginals or the Torres Strait Islanders. The scabies infection has formed an endemic in these remote regions. As per the recent report of 2016, almost 70% of the aboriginal children are affected by the scabies in their first year of life. Recent researches from the Medical Journal of Australia estimates that about one in every 100 aboriginals in the Katherine region are affected by crusted scabies and high virus infections. This can be linked with the homelessness and lack of cleanliness. Crusted scabies are communicable diseases and have the potential to infect hundreds of other people (Carapetis et al., 1997). Crusted rabies had been identified in the list of the noted diseases in the Northern territory in the year 2016 (Gibson et al., 2015). The key issue of this news is that The chairman of The Northern Territory Department of Health centre for disease control have said that considerable improvements are going on in the field of improving the housing infrastructure and sanitation, although no improvements have been found in the past few years in terms of health. Links to models and approaches This article provides with the information there health disparity lies among the Indigenous and the non indigenous Australians. The Aboriginals do not get access to clean infrastructure. According to the aboriginal fringe dwellers like Bennelong, many of the members of the aboriginal community never had a safe home since they were being ousted from their land by the white Australians (Gibson et al., 2015). And many aboriginals are still working on the development of a proper home. Most of the aboriginals cannot afford private rental houses and therefore have to depend on the private housing. It is reported that a person having scabies can have thousands of mites present in the body. The main reasons behind the spreading of scabies are prolonged physical contact, sharing a common bed. All these can link to the lack of cleanliness and overcrowding of the population (Gibson et al., 2015). Contributing to Current debate As per the news The Northern Territory Department of Health centre for disease control is currently working in association to the One disease, which is a philanthropic organization. According to the board of directors of the organization, they will b able to eradicate this disease in a systematic home. This organization has achieved success to some extent in the past 5 years in the Arnhem Land (Gibson et al., 2015). Australia is the forefront of the scabies research and is therefore having a large scope of researches in order to understand the ways of tackling the disease. Reflection The above article gives us an idea about the health status of the Aboriginals. According to me, the government should give in more efforts to make them understand the disadvantaged of remaining overcrowded. It should be mentioned that the indigenous people focuses more on the cultural aspects and are community centered (Gibson et al., 2015). In order to preserve that cultural domain, all the members try to stay together at one place. The article further throws light upon the political forces that are responsible for the deteriorating condition of the aboriginal population. It is necessary for the government to access the conditions of the aboriginals from the grass root level (Taylor Guerin, 2014). Measures should be taken to mitigate the health disparity among the Aboriginal population. Media: Article 3 Indigenous girls missing school during their periods: the state of hygiene in remoteAustralia (Nina Lansbury Hall, 2016) Key Issues This report states that anecdotal evidence girls from remote Australian communities, went missing from schools during their periods. The reported highlighted that the main reason behind this missing case is, unaffordability of the sanitary products in the remote Australian areas where the aboriginal resides. Women or girls here use toilet papers, rags and socks insteas of sanitary packs due to hike in price. Moreover, even if the products are affordable, girls members of the family are too shameful to visit the shop and but the sanitary products in front any male members of the society. The under wear are also costly, keeping their financial background into consideration. Even if the women make use of under wear, washing and drying the underwear in public is consider shameful. Moreover not only due to the social taboos, there also exists a huge dearth of proper hygiene in the schools of the remote areas of Australia. As per the report, the school girls came up with the complain that the toilet of the school is devoid of soap, dust bins and adequate supply of water, compelling them to stay indoors, generating a lack of proper educational background among them. Moreover, the girls who are found visiting the schools develop infectious disease. This report published coincided with the report published by NAIDOC (National Aboriginal and Islander Day Observance Committee). Links of Models and approaches This article has rightly updated the correct approach of the health and hygiene condition among the Australian Aboriginal children living in remote communities. There still lies a high burden of infectious diseases among these aboriginal children due to existence of poor hygiene and prevalence of unsanitary living conditions. However, apart from shame, article did not highlight other social taboos that the prevalent among these aboriginals leading to the generation of the infectious disease. The children here do not wash their hands, before and after their meal, leading to the generation of diarrheal disease and infectious diseases. The article however, rightly uplifted the need for adequate access of sanitary pads, water and washing facilities in order to increases the attendance in school and to prevent generation of detrimental infectious disease. However, there exists certain educational, social cultural, financial and logistic barrier behind optimized implementation of the same, as highlighted by the UNICEF as well under the domain of menstrual management campaigns (McDonald, Bailie, Brewster, Morris, 2008). Contribution to current debate The author have used this article to attract the attention of the government to do something need full for the aboriginals residing in the remote areas of Australia. The article has also highlight that how the government has taken initiatives to install taps and showers in 3500 houses under the Housing for Health plan in order to support healthy living. The article also stated that NSW Aboriginal Land Council has joined a partnership with state governments in order to provide proper sewage and water infrastructure for the proper operation of the communities. Article also stated that there is also a need to address other economic and social issues of that are prevalent among the aboriginals in Australia. It highlighted overcrowding as a economic and social links between the health inequalities among Australian aboriginal. Now is this one of the strong point of the article but the article fail to consider other social taboos that is prominent among the aboriginals in Australia (McDonal d, Bailie, Brewster, Morris, 2008; Geelhoed de Klerk, 2012). Personal Reflection After reading the article, I want state that hygiene and proper sanitization in school must be strictly taken in consideration in the remote areas of Australia which are crowded with the Australian aboriginals. However, installation of taps and proper supply of adequate water is not enough, there must remain a proper awareness program among the aboriginal people, helping them to understand the requirement of the personal hygiene (McDonald, Bailie, Brewster, Morris, 2008). Media article 4 'Close the Gap': indigenous urged to quit smoking https://www.abc.net.au/local/photos/2012/03/27/3464866.htm Key issue Aboriginal smoking is a serious health problem. And from the history of being paid with Tobacco, the rate of smoking in the aboriginal communities has increased from 40 to 80% (Hoy et al., 2012). It has been reported that the aboriginals smoke at the time of pregnancy which can be detrimental for both mother and the child. The rate of smoking had also increased among the teenagers to a considerable extent. This article focuses on the number of services that had been provided by the government in order to achieve good health and increase the life expectancy in the aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders. The occurrence of the chronic diseases like heart diseases and diabetes among the non indigenous has lead to the formation of the Close gap campaign in 2006. The campaign aimed at focusing on controlling the dependency of the aboriginal to drugs, smoking and alcohol, provision of opportunities for the tertiary studies. They have organized activities like spear making and tree plantation. The Pangula Mannamurna Chief Executive Officer, Karen Glover, had said that during the organization of the campaign it was difficult for them to break the fear and the hesitation of the aboriginals in approaching their team. As Pangula said that there were significant gaps and it was difficult to get gentlemen to their camp that often werent looking after their health. She said that they were trying to increase the access for Aboriginal people to the mainstream health services. Links to models and approaches It has been found that more than one person out of three persons in the aboriginals smokers. And it has been found to be the leading cause of mortality in the Australian population (Minichiello et al., 2016). Moreover this article focuses on the driving factors for the drug and smoking dependency of the aboriginals. The article provides us with the aim of the campaign that has been taken up to reduce the habit of smoking in the indigenous population. Focusing on the case smoking, the article provides an overview of the social determinants of poor health care of the aboriginals (Minichiello et al., 2016). The factors which can improve the overall health of the population including the dependency of the teenagers on drugs and cigarettes are cessation of racism, proper education, professional opportunities and accessible health care. Contributing to the current debate As per the report produced, the organized program led the people enjoy healthy lunch, learning to make fishing spears and more, but whether it could tackle smoking in aboriginals is the main issue. A particular campaign will be able to promote the taste of a better life for just one day, but the conditions would go back to the normal as the once the campaign ends. Therefore it is necessary that some permanent measure have to be taken in for better health outcomes. It can be said that betterment in the physical and spiritual well being of the aboriginals can actually improve the health status of the community (Minichiello et al., 2016). Reflection: According to me, various social determinants of the health are not being addressed in this campaign. The organizers should try to understand the reasons why these people are addicted to drugs and other addictives. Prevalent racism, low socio economic status has the teenagers to get susceptible to drug addiction (Panaretto et al., 2014). Lack of education failed to provide bright future the indigenous teenagers, which led to frustration and drug addiction. One thing that should be noted is that the aboriginal pregnant women are also found to smoke (Taylor Guerin, 2014). Programs should be organized to extend the knowledge to the female population of the aboriginals to fight with the adverse effects of smoking (Panaretto et al., 2014). It should be noted that previously tobacco was used as a method of payment. Therefore there are lots of loops and gaps that have to be addressed in order to improve the health conditions of the aboriginals. Summary In summary it can be stated that proper government policies, increase in awareness and decrease in the social determinates are the only way out to curb the health inequalities that are prevalent among the indigenous people in Australia. Conclusion The following examination on different news articles and blogs ultimately focused on the different social determinants of health. It provided information regarding the impact of racism on the mental health of the aboriginals. The examination also helps to understand the issue regarding the prevalence of scabies and other communicable diseases in the aboriginal community. Keeping an eye to this news, a brief overview about the housing and Australian infrastructure can be got. It can be said that overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure and bad sanitation system leads to communicable disease among the aboriginals. Social factors like lack of education, racism has increased the smoking habits among the Australians. Although this paper had also discussed about the different campaigns and the measures to reduce their distress, none of the campaigns were found to have long term effects. These news can only serve the purpose of increasing public awareness. The mass media campaigns previously were majorly focused on the raising awareness among the people while overlooking the negative social determinants of health. References Carapetis, J. R., Connors, C., Yarmirr, D., Krause, V., Currie, B. J. (1997). Success of a scabies control program in an Australian aboriginal community.The Pediatric infectious disease journal,16(5), 494-499. May 1997 - Volume 16 - Issue 5 - pp 494-499 Geelhoed, G. C., de Klerk, N. H. (2012). Emergency department overcrowding, mortality and the 4-hour rule in Western Australia.The Medical Journal of Australia,vol. 196(2), pp. 122-126. doi: 10.5694/mja11.11159 Gibson, O., Lisy, K., Davy, C., Aromataris, E., Kite, E., Lockwood, C., ... Brown, A. (2015). Enablers and barriers to the implementation of primary health care interventions for Indigenous people with chronic diseases: a systematic review.Implementation Science,10(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0261-x Hampton, A, F. Maree T. (2013). Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people. Oxford University Press, vol. 196(2), pp. 29 Hoy, W. E., Norman, R. J., Hayhurst, B. G., Pugsley, D. J. (1997). A health profile of adults in a Northern Territory Aboriginal community, with an emphasis on preventable morbidities.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health,21(2), 121-126. Larson, A., Gillies, M., Howard, P. J., Coffin, J. (2007). It's enough to make you sick: the impact of racism on the health of Aboriginal Australians.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,vol. 31(4), pp. 322-329. doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00079.x McDonald, E., Bailie, R., Brewster, D., Morris, P. (2008). Are hygiene and public health interventions likely to improve outcomes for Australian Aboriginal children living in remote communities? A systematic review of the literature.BMC public health,pp. 8(1), vol. 153. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-153 Minichiello, A., Lefkowitz, A. R., Firestone, M., Smylie, J. K., Schwartz, R. (2016). Effective strategies to reduce commercial tobacco use in Indigenous communities globally: a systematic review.BMC public health,16(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2645-x Panaretto, K. S., Wenitong, M., Button, S., Ring, I. T. (2014). Aboriginal community controlled health services: leading the way in primary care.Med J Aust,200(11), 649-52. Taylor, K., Guerin, P. (2014). Health care and Indigenous Australians: Cultural safety in practice. (2nd ed.). Melbourne: Palgrave MacMillan Walton, S. F., McBroom, J., Mathews, J. D., Kemp, D. J., Currie, B. J. (1999). Crusted scabies: a molecular analysis of Sarcoptes scabiei variety hominis populations from patients with repeated infestations.Clinical Infectious Diseases,29(5), 1226-1230.https://doi.org/10.1086/313466 Willis, E., Reynolds, L., Keleher, H. (Eds.). (2016).Understanding the Australian health care system. Elsevier Health Sciences. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=nIwtDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=indegenous+health+careots=vaX1VfYyRTsig=MFuMDKyhn64-pKvZRCJjWEjKb34#v=onepageq=indegenous%20health%20caref=false

Pygmalion in Management Reaction Essay Example

Pygmalion in Management: Reaction Paper Pygmalion in Management: Reaction Most managers have a common sense about the impact of expectation. They understand higher expectations motivate subordinates to perform better. But when it comes to applying the theory in daily life, only a few managers hold the magic power in hands and could change other people’s destinies. There must be something ordinary people cannot overcome. What is it? In the article Pygmalion in Management, J. Sterling Livingston (1969) was spearheading the point: to be Pygmalion. Pygmalion was an artist, who sculpted a beautiful girl statue, then fell in love with her, and he believed the girl was coming to life. Ultimately, with the passion, love, and intensively expectation, Pygmalion transformed the statue to life, and married her. This story is a fairy tale, but it is a perfect metaphor of the power of expectation. Everyone is growing into apart of others expectation. In a life cycle, a child depends on parents, a student learns from teachers, and a young employee works for employers; then he or she may become a parent for children, an experienced worker, and a manager or an employer to lead young employees. According to the article, the younger the one is, the easier they are influenced by others. We will write a custom essay sample on Pygmalion in Management: Reaction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pygmalion in Management: Reaction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pygmalion in Management: Reaction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As for a young person’s career, critical time to be transformed by manager’s expectation is the first year in his or her career. After the one starts to work, he or she as an adult, rapidly reduces the chance to change set by others; meanwhile dramatically increases ability to impact on others. How many young managers could truly convert to be Pygmalion? In this article, there is a person who did it, who is a manager of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. He reassigns his subordinates as three groups: high performance, average performance, and low performance. The highly expected group largely increased their productivity. The normal group keeps normal, and the low expected one actually downs their productivity. The manager uses his magic power fostering several assistant managers, and those people become managers to cultivate more subordinates. This magic result shows how important the expectation is in one’s managerial career, and it gives young managers a clear way to go. The author further points out that those managers have strong confidence for their abilities to motivate and persuade subordinates. They could consistently motivate and transform subordinates to go beyond their potential. Once mutual trust is built, subordinates will believe that managers have the real abilities to lead to succeed. This again indicates the key character of a manager, which is the tremendous confidence. Moreover, the author reveals a scientific discovery that managers influence subordinates not only by what their sayings but also by what their behaviors. This tells managers that they should authentically and clearly deliver their expectations to subordinates. Any little sense of low expectation and low confidence in a manager’s mind could transmit to subordinates. Maybe being authentic is the most difficulty thing to most ordinary people. It sounds easy, but is very difficult to do. For those who want to be superior managers, it is a long way to become confidently. Indeed, it is more difficult to them to always coordinate behaviors with mind. For those who want to be Pygmalion, forging self-confidence, high expectation, and authentic behaviors coordinately together is the only way to go. Psychologists newly discovered that people do have strong chemical reactions happening in the brain when it comes to meet somebody else. The condition is that two people see each other for the first time and focus on each other’s eyes for enough time. If their chemical types match, there is a complicated chemical reaction in the brain; after this reaction, then love, trust, and other emotional things could go on; but if not, seldom further relationship could build. This explains why Livingston states superior managers believe their intuition to select their subordinates. When they select subordinate, chemical reaction must happen in between, and further relationship could continually go on. So, high expectation could deliver and transform to the subordinates. Unfortunately, most modern companies do not realize the power of expectation and they do not know the scientific principle of the selecting and cultivating process. As Livingston states, â€Å"Rarely do new graduates work closely with experienced middle managers or upper-level executives. Normally they are bossed by first-line managers who tend to be least experienced and tend least effective in the organization (1969)†. This is the biggest managerial mistake that managers often make. They focus more on markets, finance, revenue, or profit. They forget that the essence of management is to manage people, especially the young employees. Choosing and cultivating newcomers in the company, and developing their managerial and professional potential are managers’ primary responsibility. Once a manager lets subordinates follow his or her high expectation to self-fulfill, most impossible things could become possible. When those young people grow up and become full experienced managers, many Pygmalions will emerge from the organization. That the time a manager is Pygmalion, holding the magic power of expectation. At the end of the article, the author mentions a business bias opinion that most managers believe the new generation are not as good as their predecessors were. They do not realize that their low expectation and negative attitude leads to a worse situation. More young employees just turn off to avoid low performance set by low expectations. As managers read this article, they must reflect their cognition to this article and change their attitude to fix the problem. The new generation is the most talented people, and they are more knowledgeable with advanced technology. Certainly, they cannot stand for low expectation. Superior managers know how to develop those young people and transform them to self-fulfill to meet their potential. The business needs this young generation to grow up as superior managers to succeed. All the superior managers grew up from young person, and every young people could foster by high expectation and become a new superior manager. People who transform to be Pygmalion will hold the magic power in their hands and could make this cycle go on forever.